MySQL replication allows you to have multiple copies of data on many systems and data is automatically copied from one database (Master) to another database (Slave). If one server goes down, the clients still can access the data from another (Slave) server database.
In this article, let us see how to configure MySQL Master-Slave replication. I am using the following two systems to in this how-to:
MySQL Master system : RHEL 5
Master IP Address : 192.168.1.250/24
MySQL Slave system : RHEL 5
Slave IP Address: 192.168.1.150/24
|
Setting up MySQL Master
Now install MySQL packages using the following command:
|
[root@server1 ~]# yum install mysql-server mysql -y
|
Start mysqld service.
|
[root@server ~]# service mysqld start
[root@server ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
|
Configure MySQL Master
Open /etc/my.cnf file and add the following lines under [mysqld] section:
|
[root@server ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 1
binlog-do-db=unixmen
expire-logs-days=7
relay-log = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-relay-bin
relay-log-index = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.index
log-error = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.err
master-info-file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-master.info
relay-log-info-file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-relay-log.info
log-bin = mysql-bin
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
|
Here unixmen is the database name to be replicated to the Slave system.
Once you are done, restart MySQL service:
|
[root@server1 ~]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
|
Now login to MySQL and create a Slave user and password. For instance, we will use slavek as Slave username and centoslave as password:
|
[root@server ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.1.69-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> STOP SLAVE;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'slavek'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'centoslave';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> FLUSH TABLES WITH READ LOCK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> SHOW MASTER STATUS;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 106 | unixmen | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> exit
Bye
|
Note down the file(mysql-bin.000001) and position number (106), you would need these values later while configuring slave servers.
Backup Master server database
Enter the following command to dump all Master databases and save them. We will transfer these databases to Slave server later:
|
[root@server ~]# mysqldump --all-databases --user=root --password --master-data > masterdatabase.sql
|
This will create a file called masterdatabase.sql. This will take some time depending upon the databases size.
Again login to MySQL as root user and unlock the tables:
|
[root@server ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.1.69-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> UNLOCK TABLES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> quit
Bye
|
Copy the masterdatabase.sql file to your Slave server. Here, I copy this file to /home folder. So the command should be:
|
[root@server ~]# scp masterdatabase.sql root@192.168.1.150:/home
root@192.168.1.150's password:
masterdatabase.sql 100% 507KB 506.7KB/s 00:00
|
We have done Master side installation. Now we have to start on Slave side.
Setting up MySQL Slave
Install MySQL packages on Slave server:
|
[root@server1 ~]# yum install mysql-server mysql -y
|
Start mysqld service.
|
[root@server ~]# service mysqld start
[root@server ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
|
Seting up MySQL Root password:
Configure MySQL Slave
Open the file /etc/my.cnf and add the following entries under [mysqld] section as shown below. Replace the database name and master server IP Address with your own:
[root@server ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 2
master-host=192.168.1.250
master-connect-retry=60
master-user=slavek
master-password=centoslave
replicate-do-db=unixmen
relay-log = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-relay-bin
relay-log-index = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-relay-bin.index
log-error = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.err
master-info-file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-master.info
relay-log-info-file = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-relay-log.info
log-bin = mysql-bin
[...]
|
Here 192.168.1.250 is Master server IP address, slavek is Master server database user, centoslave is password of user slavek, unixmen is Master database name.
Save and exit the file.
Import the master database:
[root@server ~]# mysql -u root -p < /home/masterdatabase.sql
Enter password:
[root@server ~]# service mysqld restart
Stopping mysqld: [ OK ]
Starting mysqld: [ OK ]
|
Now log in to MySQL as root user and tell the Slave server to where to look for Master log file which is we have created on Master server using the command SHOW MASTER STATUS; (File – mysql-bin.000001 and Position – 106). Make sure that you changed the Master server IP address, username and password as your own:
|
[root@server ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.1.69-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> SLAVE STOP;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.250', MASTER_USER='slavek', MASTER_PASSWORD='centoslave', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=106;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)
mysql> SLAVE START;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.1.250
Master_User: slavek
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_File: mysql-relay-bin.000003
Relay_Log_Pos: 251
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB: unixmen
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 106
Relay_Log_Space: 551
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
|
Test MySQL Replication
Master side:
|
[root@server ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.1.69-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> create database unixmen;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
mysql> use unixmen;
Database changed
mysql> create table sample (c int);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.08 sec)
mysql> insert into sample (c) values (1);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from sample;
+------+
| c |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
|
Slave side:
|
[root@server ~]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 8
Server version: 5.1.69-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> use unixmen;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from sample;
+------+
| c |
+------+
| 1 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>
|
That’s it. Now the tables created in the Master server are automatically replicated to the Slave server.
